The malleability of glass

The nature of objects that can be extended into filaments without breaking under the action of external forces is called ductility; The property of being able to grind a sheet without breaking under the action of an external force (hammering or rolling) is called malleability. For example, the ductility of metals is good, of which gold, platinum, copper, silver, tungsten, aluminum are ductile. Non-metallic materials such as quartz and glass also have a certain ductility at high temperatures.
Ductility is a property of metal minerals, and one of the characteristics of metal minerals under the action of external forces is to produce plastic deformation, which means that ions can move and rearrange without losing the adhesive force, which is the fundamental reason for the ductility of metal bonded minerals. The ductility of different metal bonds is also different.
ductility
The capacity of a structure, member, or section of a member to deform during a period from yield to maximum bearing capacity or thereafter without a significant reduction in bearing capacity. For structures with good ductility, the late deformation capacity of a component or a section of a component is large, and a certain amount of energy can still be absorbed after reaching the state of yield or maximum bearing capacity, and the occurrence of brittle failure can be avoided.
Ductility is a physical property. It refers to the plastic deformation ability of a material before it is forced to produce damage, and is related to the ductility of the material. For example, gold, copper, aluminum, etc. are materials with high ductility. Platinum is the most ductile metal.
brittle failure (brittle failure) A structure or component does not have significant deformation or other predictive failure types prior to failure. ductile failure A type of failure in which a structure or component is visibly deformed or otherwise preconceived before failure.
Under the impact and vibration load, the material of the structure is required to absorb a large amount of energy, and at the same time, it can produce a certain deformation without damage, that is, the structure or member is required to have good ductility. For example, steel structure materials have good ductility and can resist strong earthquakes without collapsing; However, masonry structure has poor deformation ability and is prone to brittle failure and collapse under strong earthquake. For this reason, masonry structure houses need to set up structural columns and seismic ring beams according to the seismic code requirements, to restrict the deformation of masonry, in order to increase its anti-collapse ability under the earthquake. Reinforced concrete material has a dual nature, if the design is reasonable, can eliminate or reduce the harm of concrete brittle property, give full play to the plastic property of steel bars, to achieve ductile structure. Therefore, the earthquake-resistant reinforced concrete structures should be designed according to the requirements of ductility structure to achieve the three levels of earthquake-resistant fortification: the structure is in elastic state under small earthquakes; During medium earthquake, the structure may be damaged, but it can continue to be used after repair; During a large earthquake, the structure may be somewhat damaged, but it will not collapse or endanger life safety.