What are the raw materials of glass

The raw materials of glass mainly include quartz sand, limestone, sodium carbonate and magnesium oxide.
Quartz sand is an essential raw material in glass manufacturing, which contains high purity silicon dioxide (SiO2). Quartz sand has a high melting point and high hardness, which plays a role in enhancing the temperature resistance and hardness of glass during the manufacturing process. Limestone is a rock containing calcium carbonate (CaCO3). In the manufacture of glass bottles, limestone is used as a melting agent and a stabilizer of the glass composition. Limestone can reduce the melting temperature, promote the uniform melting of glass, and increase the chemical corrosion resistance of glass. Sodium carbonate is also a key ingredient in glass bottle manufacturing, and it contains carbonate ions (CO3^2-). Sodium carbonate melts quartz sand and limestone in the glass manufacturing process. Due to its low melting point, sodium carbonate can reduce the melting temperature of glass and promote the melting process. Magnesium oxide is an auxiliary raw material in glass bottle manufacturing, which contains magnesium oxide (MgO). Magnesium oxide can provide glass heat resistance and alkali resistance, while reducing the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass 3